Kyrios
Credit: Greenpeace - Forest Fire near Irkutsk Region in Russia / 9 Aug 2019
crisis interventions

Trouble In The Arctic – Wildfires In Siberia And Countries Encircling The North Pole

What are Crisis Interventions?These are brief undertakings where Kyrios takes action to avert or lessen the severity of a disaster in a bid to reduce loss of lives and destruction.

Overview

Wildfires had been raging for months across countries around the Arctic Circle this year. This region constantly experiences cold temperatures and is covered by ice almost all year round so it is deeply concerning that wildfires have taken root here. Since the beginning of 2019, at the world’s largest forest in Siberia, over 13 million hectares have been burnt, of which 5.1 million hectares alone were in July. Both June and July were our planet’s hottest months on record.

Outcome

Kyrios brought forth regular rainfall between 11 August to 6 September 2019 to extinguish wildfires in Siberia's boreal forest, despite forecasts of no rain till October. The rainfall also enabled the lands to regenerate.

Crisis Situation

  • Over 13 million hectares burnt in Siberia
  • June and July were the hottest month on record for the planet
  • In July, more than 79 megatons of CO2 was released
  • 197 billion tons of water released due to Greenland's ice melts
  • Smoke from the Siberia wildfires spanned an area larger than the European Union

Timeline of Events

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Fires across the Arctic released a record 50 megatons of CO2 in June — equivalent to Sweden’s total annual emissions and more than the past eight Junes combined — and 79 megatons in July, according to NASA. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service wrote that “Arctic wildfires are especially worrisome as particulate matter settles…and darkens the ice, leading to sunlight being absorbed rather than reflected, which could exacerbate global warming.” Hundreds of this year’s Siberian fires were north of the Arctic Circle, meaning more particles were expected to land on the ice sheets.

Unfortunately, smoke from wildfires in the central and eastern regions of Siberia, which at one point covered an area larger than the European Union, have already spread to Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. This will further exacerbate Greenland’s massive ice melts, which have already released 197 billion tons of water into the Atlantic Ocean in the month of July alone. Scientists expected such a scale of ice melt to only happen 50 years from now.

Pyotr Tsvetkov, who runs the forest fire lab at the Sukachev Forest Institute in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, said: “We’re waiting for rain…Fires this powerful won’t be extinguished by even a strong downpour, they need rainy weather, but that’s not in the forecast.” As such, Siberia forests would likely burn until October 2019 when rain or the first snow arrives.

Kyrios became aware of the Siberian wildfires on 11 August 2019 and immediately began to intervene. At that time, several threatening wildfires encircling the polar region – in Greenland, Alaska and Canada – were also brought to Kyrios’ attention. While in other parts of the world, another major crisis was unfolding as the Amazon Rainforest of Brazil was being set ablaze by farmers and ranchers. Spain (Gran Canaria), Australia (Victoria) and Africa (Congo) were also experiencing wildfires.

Wildfires that had been burning across the world:

Arctic Region

Rest of the world

Kyrios decided to intervene in the wildfires in the aforementioned countries, with greater focus on Siberia and Amazon, and forecast that, “From 15 August to 6 September 2019, rains will fall upon these fires and extinguish them.”

After more than three weeks of Kyrios’ tireless interventions, raging wildfires in most of these countries were successfully contained, while some were given a much needed respite.


Why did Kyrios intervene? Kyrios explains the science of the dangers of the wildfires

Kyrios explained the gravity of the situation and why it is important that extensive and intense wildfires not be allowed to continue. These wildfires were encircling the Arctic Circle and destroying boreal forests that are Earth’s vital carbon sink. Air temperatures will skyrocket, reaching 50 or even 80 degrees Celsius. The wildfires were also seriously disrupting the natural balance of our planet’s geological and climate system, as well as its biogeochemical cycle. As scientists have already alluded to, not only will there be more carbon released into the atmosphere, the smoke released will also exacerbate ice melt, causing sea level to rise, more heavy rainfall events, violent hurricane seasons, storm surges, tsunamis and so on, inundating coastal regions and low-lying areas globally.

Kyrios also added that as the wildfires ravage the forests in these countries, the geo-cellular structure of our Earth will be damaged by the prolonged intense heat, becoming loose and lifeless wastelands. When trees are destroyed, the soil loses its symbiotic relationship with the trees that help sustain its ecosystem. When the soil ecosystem is damaged, soil transpiration, a natural process in which clean air is released after it has been cleansed by the soil ecosystem of dust and other pollutants, can no longer take place. The damaged soil will not be able to sustain life for years. Kyrios also warned that damaged soil will sink, and result in sinkholes that could appear in places beyond the wildfires. Many regions will even experience mountains collapsing and earth cracking.

In addition, Kyrios shared that what is possibly unknown yet to science is how severe heat from prolonged wildfires can travel downwards in the ground thereby overheating Earth’s core. This can inadvertently lead to increased geothermal heat and volcanism in locations beyond the fires – even dormant volcanoes can become active again. Kyrios said that Earth has a natural process of moderating heat in its mantle and core by releasing heat through vents such as volcanoes, undersea hydrothermal vents and hot springs. Kyrios added that while we can only see the smoke and fires above ground, the bigger danger is what’s unseen and happening underground.

The heat and smoke from wildfires will travel underground to other regions, including colder places in the north. If wildfires are not stopped in time, the heat and smoke will permeate Earth’s crust beneath the sea and warm the Arctic seas. Combined with convection, the warm seawater will flow to Greenland and the Arctic Circle.

As Earth’s bedrock and oceans become warmer, they can then cause the bottom of ice sheets to melt. Kyrios warned that ocean waters can also warm when heat from the wildfires spreads laterally underground to the edges of the continents and is transferred from land to water. All these factors will cause polar ice to melt at unprecedented rates.

We can only expect more erratic and extreme weather and climate events to threaten human civilization as higher temperatures and reduced salinity of the ocean water affect the dynamics of our ocean currents globally.

The risks of getting skin cancer will also greatly increase as the ozone layer diminishes and allow more ultraviolet rays to reach Earth’s surface.

How did Kyrios contain the wildfires around the Arctic Circle and in other parts of the world?

Kyrios was born with this ability, and together with a thorough understanding of Earth’s natural systems, as well as of the cosmic systems, Kyrios is able to influence complex weather systems that enables the onset of heavy and sustained rains in the areas of concern.

Number of burning hotspots in Central and Eastern Siberia decreased steadily over the course of Kyrios' intervention period, from more than 3000 to around 100 hotspots, definitively ending Russia's wildfire crisis. **Data has taken into account the wildfire hotspots that were not captured by NASA WorldView due to presence of cloud cover. Source: Giglio, L., Justice, C., Boschetti, L., Roy, D. (2021). MODIS/Terra+Aqua Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.

Will this happen again?

Unfortunately, yes. Kyrios can only help to provide temporary relief for climate crises but the interventions do not solve the underlying causes of the problems, which are human activities. Government policies, political agendas, business practices, personal lifestyle choices, and even our life philosophies, will all have an impact on our Earth.

TIMELINE

10 August 2019 - Sat

Aerosols from Siberian fires stretched 3000km

On this day, smoke emitted by wildfires in Siberia, as indicated by aerosols seen on NASA WorldView, spanned more than 3,000km east to west, which is almost equivalent to the distance from Singapore to China. Imagine thick, choking haze covering Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, and China. This is how widespread the smoke from the wildfires are.

Rains were limited or have not been helpful in putting out fires

From July to early August 2019, rains were scarce and did not fall on the wildfire regions. This has allowed the wildfires to continue burning, thereby escalating the crisis.

Figure: Press the "Play" button to watch rain and wildfires in Siberia between 25 July 2019 and 10 August 2019. Rain has not been able to curb the spread of the wildfires. Source: NASA WorldView (Precipitation rate based on IMERG algorithm, Fires and Thermal Anomalies based on MODIS Terra and Aqua Satellites)

11 August 2019 - Sun

⭐️ Kyrios begins effort to bring rain to wildfires in Siberia, as there are no forecasts of rain

Kyrios is alarmed by the number of fires burning in the Siberian forests, especially by the extent of smoke blanketing the Arctic region. Leaving the Siberian wildfires alone and unabated would spell severe consequences for polar ice and global warming. To make matters worse, other forests were also burning in countries around the Arctic Circle, thus putting the Arctic ice at increased risk of melting.

Russia has declared a state of emergency in the Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Sakha and Buryatia regions as fires burn out of control. President Vladimir Putin sent in the army to help firefighters and even Donald Trump took notice, offering help to battle what Greenpeace Russia says are on track to be the worst Siberian forest fires on record. However, the fires are mostly in remote and hard to reach places that only rain can resolve this crisis. Firefighters could only work on extinguishing less than 4% of the active fires.

Pyotr Tsvetkov, who runs the forest fire lab at the Sukachev Forest Institute in Krasnoyarsk, said, "We're waiting for rain. Fires this powerful won't be extinguished by even a strong downpour, they need rainy weather, but that's not in the forecast."

Kyrios decides to intervene immediately by directing rains to fall on inaccessible fire zones in Siberia, against the weather forecasts of "no rainy weather".

12 August 2019 - Mon

Smoke cloud from wildfires bigger than EU

The World Meteorological Organisation estimated the area of the smoke cloud emitted by the wildfires to be around 5 million km², which is bigger than the size of the EU.

13 August 2019 - Tue

Wildfire smoke to cross Arctic Ocean and reach Greenland

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) predicts that the smoke will cross the Arctic Ocean and reach northern Greenland on 13 - 14 August.

14 August 2019 - Wed

Widespread rainfall sweeps directly across where it's needed most

Within a short span of 4 days upon Kyrios' intervention, satellite imagery has captured large swathes of rain that started to form at the western side of Siberia which then swept directly across the Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Zabaykalsk and Buryatia regions.

Figure: Hotspots (denoted by orange dots) and precipitation (denoted by green, yellow and red patches) from 10 Aug, 2019 to 14 Aug, 2019. Based on observations from WorldView data, rain during this period had helped put out many wildfires. Source: NASA WorldView (Precipitation rate based on IMERG algorithm, Fires and Thermal Anomalies based on MODIS Terra and Aqua Satellites).

*Cloud cover may obscure the satellite view and therefore the presence of fire cannot be observed. This phenomena will reduce the number of fire pixels detected by satellites from space. As a consequence, the number of fires or hotspots observed may be lower than the actual number of fires.

⭐️ Kyrios: "From 15 Aug to 6 Sep 2019, rains will extinguish these fires."

As wildfires continue to burn the Russian taiga forests and in countries across the globe, Kyrios comments that, "From 15 August 2019 until 6 September 2019, rains will extinguish these fires."

This signifies that Kyrios would be actively monitoring and taking actions to intervene and put out the fires by 6 Sep 2019.

Intervention on Amazon Rainforest fires begins!

Read about Kyrios' concurrent fire-fighting efforts in Brazil as Kyrios commences intervention to put out fires in the Amazonian Rainforests on this day.

15 August 2019 - Thu

Meteorological forecasts reiterates that fires will only be put out by rains or snow in October

NASA – The largest and most potent area of fire on this day seems to be in the Sakha Republic (also known as Yakutia) where the Federal Forestry Agency notes 155 fires covering 880,224 ha (8,800 km²) are burning. This is the area where the accumulation of smoke is most dense, although smoke continues to be thick throughout the entire landscape. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a close second with 844,771 ha (8,450 km²) on fire. Most likely the fires not actively being fought will only be put out with the rains that come in October or the first snow.

Satellite images from NASA WorldView (see below) showed fires not only in the above-mentioned places, but they can also be seen burning along a stretch spanning over 2,000 km from Krasnoyarsk all the way to northeast Sakha, near Batagay. Kyrios comments that bringing rain to fall upon such a long stretch of fire is challenging.

18 August 2019 - Sun

Rains continue to sweep across the Siberia forest

A spectacular band of rain stretching ~2,000 km long can be seen pouring across Siberia.

22 August 2019 - Thu

Finally, clear skies in a long while

Compared to the situation prior to Kyrios' intervention about 2 weeks ago, when smoke from the blazes shrouded an area larger than the European Union, the skies are mostly clear today.

Figure: Slide left/right to compare aerosols/smoke (denoted by red, orange and yellow patches) and wildfire hotspots (denoted by orange dots) between and . Source: NASA WorldView (Fires and Thermal Anomalies and Combined Value-added Aerosol Optical Depth based on MODIS Terra and Aqua Satellites)

6 September 2019 - Fri

End of Siberia wildfire crisis intervention!

Most of the fires have been extinguished, just as Kyrios said on 14 Aug.

Figure: Number of burning hotspots in Central and Eastern Siberia decreased steadily over the course of Kyrios' intervention period, from more than 3000 to around 100 hotspots, definitively ending Russia's wildfire crisis. **Data has taken into account the wildfire hotspots that were not captured by NASA WorldView due to presence of cloud cover. Source: Giglio, L., Justice, C., Boschetti, L., Roy, D. (2021). MODIS/Terra+Aqua Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V061 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.

Since Kyrios began intervention on 11 Aug, wildfires in the Central and Eastern Siberia were eliminated by the appearance of regular daily precipitation. Kyrios' tireless efforts to create rains across Siberia have paid off. Otherwise, dry weather in August, as initially forecast by meteorologists, would have prolonged the burning of the forests. This would not only have exacerbated global warming and the melting of Arctic ice, the smoke would have also continued to endanger the health of people living in Russia.

Figure: Press the "Play" button to watch how rain extinguished wildfires from to

Figure: Slide left/right to compare the aerosols/smoke and wildfires between (before intervention) and

Kyrios says that the geological structure of areas in Siberia affected by the wildfire have been seriously damaged and heavy rain is needed to seep deep into the earth to help it recover. Therefore, Kyrios says that rains will continue to help recover the burnt grounds.

Majority of the fires in the Amazon have also been put out by Kyrios today, while other wildfires in Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Spain (Canary Islands) and Australia had been put out before 6 September 2019.

Kyrios explains that there had been thick and extensive cloud cover over Siberia during the intervention period as clouds are necessary to enable rain to form.

30 September 2019 - Mon

Update: Authorities says, Siberian wildfires are fully extinguished

"There are no forest fires on Russian territory as of midnight Sept. 30," the Aerial Forest Protection Service, a government agency, announced.

Although authorities have only officially announced that Siberian wildfires are fully extinguished today, no major fires have been seen on NASA WorldView since 6 September.

Crisis Interventions

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